The United States has confirmed its first case of the more severe strain of mpox, known as clade I, in California. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the case on Saturday, emphasizing that the risk to the general public remains low. Here’s what you need to know about this development, how it compares to previous mpox cases, and what precautions you can take.
What Is Clade I Mpox?
Clade I mpox is a subtype of the mpox virus that has historically been associated with more severe illness compared to clade II, which has been circulating in the United States since a major outbreak in 2022 and 2023. The recently confirmed case in California involves a patient who had traveled from Eastern Africa, a region currently experiencing an ongoing mpox outbreak.
Key Facts About Clade I Mpox:
- Severity: Historically, clade I mpox has caused more severe disease with higher death rates. Past outbreaks reported fatality rates of 3%-11%.
- Current Data: Recent outbreaks of clade I have shown milder disease courses, with fatality rates dropping to approximately 1% when patients receive good medical care.
The CDC states that in countries with advanced healthcare systems like the U.S., the risk of severe outcomes from clade I mpox is significantly lower due to better treatment and supportive care.
The Current Case in California
The individual diagnosed with clade I mpox in California was treated at a local medical facility and has since been isolating at home. Their symptoms are reportedly improving. Health officials are working to identify and follow up with any potential contacts.
This case is notable as clade I mpox, particularly the Ib subtype, has been associated with travel-related cases in other countries, including Germany, India, Sweden, Thailand, and the UK. However, the CDC reports that recent cases, including the one in California, have presented relatively mild symptoms.
How Mpox Spreads
Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral disease related to smallpox. While mpox is not as deadly as smallpox, it can cause severe illness if untreated.
Modes of Transmission:
- Close contact with an infected person (e.g., touching, kissing, or sexual contact).
- Contact with contaminated materials such as bedding, clothing, or needles.
- Prolonged exposure to respiratory secretions.
Symptoms to Watch For:
- Flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, exhaustion, headache, and muscle weakness.
- Painful or itchy rash with raised lesions that scab over and heal in a few weeks.
Global Mpox Trends
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a rise in mpox cases in Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Uganda. These regions are the epicenter of the current outbreak, primarily driven by clade I cases.
On November 22, the WHO will convene its emergency committee to assess whether the outbreak still constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
Protecting Yourself from Mpox
The CDC advises several steps to reduce the risk of mpox infection:
- Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of mpox or with contaminated materials such as bedding, clothing, or sex toys.
- Practice good hygiene, including frequent handwashing.
- Get vaccinated if eligible. The CDC recommends two doses of the mpox vaccine for individuals at higher risk.
The confirmation of clade I mpox in the United States underscores the importance of continued vigilance, particularly with global travel. While the risk to the general public remains low, understanding the disease and taking preventive measures can help mitigate its spread.
With advancements in healthcare and widespread access to vaccines, the U.S. is well-prepared to manage this new development in the ongoing mpox situation. Stay informed, take precautions, and consult your healthcare provider if you suspect exposure to mpox.
